Fusion Reactor with an Induction System for Electrons and Ions
Chapter 1 : https://lnkd.in/dzw2nwH3/ Fermions and Bosons
Named after Enrico Fermi, fermions are a group of subatomic particles with odd, half-integer angular momentum (spin values of 1/2 or 3/2). In contrast, bosons, such as photons and gravitons, are subatomic particles with even spin values (0, 1, or 2). "Looperator" refers to revolutionary fusion technology that uses quantum mechanics to achieve unlimited plasma confinement within a double-helical tubular plasma volume. This volume has a core temperature ranging from 100 to 400 million degrees Celsius, acting as a medium for propagating magnetic field lines originating from a central magnetic field line (m1). This process organizes the magnetic field lines for transporting fermions and bosons according to the geometric rules of entropy. Consequently, the double-helical plasma tube organizes into stable fluid dynamic layers with a temperature gradient that decreases from the inside to the outside. Before plasma ignites from its hot core, the elements deuterium and tritium exist as fermions. Deuterium consists of a proton, a neutron, and an electron. Tritium consists of a proton, two neutrons, and an electron. Together, these elements give the plasma a half-integer spin. Therefore, both of these heavy hydrogen isotopes belong to the category of fermions, which follow Fermi-Dirac statistics. However, this changes when the plasma ignites because each atom loses an electron. The resulting tritium cation (³H), called a triton, has a nuclear spin of 1/2 due to its odd number of nucleons (one proton and two neutrons). Therefore, it remains a fermion. In contrast, the deuterium ion, called a deuteron, has a nuclear spin of 1 because its proton and neutron spins (1/2 each) add up to a total spin of 1. The beauty of the double helix is that the deuteron must make two complete revolutions to return to the same spin state at the start of an orbital cycle. A quantum mechanical mechanism within the double-helix-shaped plasma volume sets off a chain reaction in which the nuclei of the deuterium and tritium atoms fuse to form helium. This process releases a million times more energy than any combustion process. To keep up the chain reaction continuous fuel supply and efficient slag removal are needed for uninterrupted power production. This remarkable technology is set to usher in an era of abundant energy by enabling magnetic plasma to be confined on an unlimited scale. Nuclear fusion provides an additional energy source independent of the stochastic availability of solar and wind power. Fusion will provide humanity with an abundant energy supply, enabling us to thrive in an environment conducive to life and free from the threats of migration and conflict caused by climate change.
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Fusion Reactor with an Induction System for Electrons and Ions
Chapter 2 : https://lnkd.in/ekbZFzCQ / The Double Helix:
Even before the concept of the double helix became widely known through Watson and Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA, Leonardo da Vinci had already designed a double helix staircase at the Château de Chambord in France. Construction of the staircase was completed in 1519. The proposed double helix for the "Looperator" consists of a central magnetic field line m1 and four semicircular arcs B with a radius of rB. The mirror-symmetric structure of the central magnetic field line m1, depicted in yellow, encircles a central point M1 and is located on the surface of a uniform transformation sphere with a radius r1. The four semicircles B, depicted in blue, connect at four points J1–J4 in a common torque plane β′ and can be interpreted as two periods of ring-shaped, curved oscillation forming an endless double helix. The fusion reactor introduced in Chapter 1 has a tubular plasma volume with a radius rP. A multitude of eccentric magnetic field lines shown with IMPC 9 wind around the central magnetic field line m1. Following the first law of thermodynamics and driven by the inertia of the mass-carrying particles, these field lines oscillate regularly from inside to outside and back again within the tubular plasma volume. The magnetic field lines lie on the surface of a uniform virtual transformation sphere with a radius of r1. The field lines consist of four curved elliptical arcs B′1-B'4, each connected to the others in the torque plane β′. Each arc has the same length as the semicircular arcs B. The maximum possible radius rP of the tubular plasma volume is 1/2 x rB.
#mpc2 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #ResFusion2 #Looperator #ResGeometry #Looperator #Solution4Fusion #PlasmaPhysics
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 3 : https://lnkd.in/ejKFBvqu / The Uniform Transformation Sphere
The proposed fusion reactor's spherical magnetic field has a central guideline, depicted in yellow. This guideline represents the central magnetic field line, m1, of the "Looperator." The tubular plasma volume of the double helix has a layered structure arranged concentrically around four identical semicircles. The semicircles are connected to each other in a common angular momentum plane β', which is explained in more detail in the article "IMPC 4." Four exemplary eccentric magnetic field lines in different colors are shown on the outer surface of the plasma volume. As illustrated in Chapter 1, the Lorentz force induced by the Helmholtz coils creates a clockwise magnetodynamic flux within the plasma. These four magnetic field lines are characterized by elliptical space curves connected in the β′ angular momentum plane. Unwinding the eccentric field lines from the surface of the transformation sphere reveals that their length is precisely equal to that of the central magnetic field line. According to the first law of thermodynamics, this indicates the self-induced twist of the eccentric magnetic field lines. The Lorentz force is equal in both mirror-image halves of the double helix. Equal forces in both halves cause the magnetic field lines to oscillate regularly from inside to outside the tubular plasma volume and vice versa. This eliminates the need for poloidal coils. The collective interaction of electrons and ions with the magnetic field lines can be described mathematically using the Poincaré conjecture. This conjecture represents a Dirac group for fermions, which is characterized by three geometric operations: the Lorentz transformation, translation, and rotation. Chapter 4 explains a second quantum mechanical effect that exploits the inertia of fermions.
#mpc3 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion3 #resgeometry #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #teamres
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 4 : https://lnkd.in/eK-AhUPW / Quadruple Magnetic Field Offset
In the β' angular momentum plane, the four magnetic fields of the spherical double helix converge. As indicated by the red arrows at the corners of the β′ angular momentum plane, torque results from the quadruple magnetic field offset that characterises the spherical double helix. Electrons (represented by the red globe) and ions (represented by the blue globe) are driven by the Lorentz force in both mirror-image halves of the double helix. They move within the magnetodynamic flux at speeds of up to 1,000 km/s along their respective magnetic field lines. The quadruple magnetic field offset prevents unwanted turbulence in the plasma. The chiasm of intersecting, endless loops — a feature also found in a Möbius strip — is responsible for the magnetic field lines twisting in on themselves. In a spherical, endless loop, two magnetic field lines are arranged at a radial distance from each other, regularly transitioning from inside to outside the orbit. As the English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon (1561–1626) once said, 'Natura non nisi parendo vincitur' — 'Nature can only be conquered by obeying her'. In the case of the 'Looperator', this is achieved by applying a transverse force, depicted by red arrows for the electrons and blue arrows for the ions. These forces acting transversely to the plasma flow direction cause the particles to move away from their respective field lines. However, this unwanted effect can be completely compensated for within two adjacent arcs by the 90-degree offset of the double helix of the magnetic field planes. Chapter 5 describes in detail how the gyration radii of charged particles are affected within an asymmetric magnetic field. It also explains how to prevent unwanted shifts of electrons and ions transverse to the magnetodynamic flow direction of the plasma. In tokamak experiments, the layer structure of the plasma is quickly destroyed by continuously amplifying shear flows. For this reason, tokamak experiments have a relatively short operating time. The 'Looperator' was developed to ensure permanent magnetic plasma confinement. This is thanks to its extraordinary ability to keep charged particles on course.
#mpc4 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion4 #resfluiddynamic #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #teamres
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 5 : https://lnkd.in/eqGwKAE / How the Induction System Works
The 'Looperator' is designed to ensure that electrons and ions travelling along the magnetic field lines are kept on track. As shown in Chapter 1, the configuration of the Helmholtz coils determines the magnetic field. The video uses the example of the central magnetic field line to explain how the induction system works, and this example is also representative of the eccentric magnetic field lines. Electrons and ions spiral around the magnetic field lines in closed loops. Since the distance between the Helmholtz coils is smaller in each of the four semicircular arcs, the magnetic field is stronger on the concave inner side than on the convex outer side, where the coils are farther apart. This magnetic field asymmetry causes particles to gyrate at different radii. Since electrons and ions spiral in opposite directions, an electric field is induced by charged particles travelling opposite each other along the field lines at a speed of 10⁻¹¹ per second. The resulting transverse forces, indicated by the red and blue arrows, cause the electrons and ions to slightly move away from their respective magnetic field line within one semicircular arc. Charged particles wind around magnetic field lines at smaller radii on the concave inner side of semicircular arcs than on the convex outer side. On the outer side, the radii of gyration spirals are larger. Unlike in a tokamak, where this effect intensifies without interruption, causing the layer structure of the plasma volume to collapse and necessitating an immediate shut down of the experiment after a short period of time, the 'Looperator' exploits the 90-degree quadruple offset of the magnetic field planes within an orbital revolution to keep the particles precisely on track. The drift of the particles, transverse to the magnetodynamic flow direction, can be corrected within the sequence of two arcs affecting the track fidelity of the electron (depicted as a red globe) and the triton (the cation of tritium), which are both fermions. When the plasma is ignited, the deuterium atom loses an electron, changing its spin from 1/2 to 1 and becoming a boson called a deuteron. This deuteron will require two 360-degree turns to return to the same spin state after one orbital revolution. The video illustrates how the four magnetic field planes, each offset by 90 degrees from the others, affect track fidelity. The initial drift of electrons and ions ceases after half a period and is completely reversed within one period of annular oscillation. This results in perfect track fidelity for electrons and ions within the plasma — a prerequisite for magnetic plasma confinement without time limitations.
#mpc5 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion5 #resfluiddynamic3 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #teamres
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 6 : https://lnkd.in/e8aApViG / Structure and Scalability
The plasma container comprises identical circular or oval modules. These modules are arranged concentrically around the central magnetic field line (M1) and the centre of the plasma volume. The modules are bounded by inner and outer radii around M1. These modules can be bolted or welded together to form four arc-shaped units. As described in Chapter 1, the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coils suspends the plasma volume at a distance from the blanket to ensure that it does not come into contact with the inner shell of the double-walled plasma vessel formed by the blanket. The Helmholtz coils are assigned to individual container modules. The radial and longitudinal distances between the coils are defined by the sector angles around M1, the centre point of the fusion reactor. The central magnetic field line M1 of the fusion reactor is surrounded by a large number of concentric layers, each of which contains decentralised magnetic field lines with analogous connection and vertex points. After the plasma is ignited, the heavy isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, each lose one electron. Triton, the cation of tritium, remains a fermion with an odd number of nucleons. In the video, it is depicted as a blue sphere moving along a magnetic field line on the exterior of the plasma volume. Its gyration radius, as described in Chapter 5, occupies the space indicated by the dark and light stripes on the outer surface of the plasma. However, in this process, the deuteron, the cation of deuterium, becomes a boson with an even number of nucleons. The direction of fluid dynamics and the orientation of the angular momentum axes and planes of fermions and bosons are determined by the Lorentz force. A ring oscillation is divided into two mirror-image halves by at least one zero line between the connection points of the central magnetic field line m1. This differentiation occurs within the individual layers of the plasma volume. Each layer has specific frequencies, and the frequency band of these oscillations ranges from 50 Hz at the outer edge of the plasma volume to several kilohertz around the hot centre defined by the m1 trajectory. Fermions and bosons follow magnetic field lines so precisely that a plasma vessel with a diameter of between 0.30 and 0.40 metres can ignite plasma. This enables the construction of compact fusion reactors, including their power supply and energy conversion systems. Such reactors can therefore be installed on Earth, in space and on vehicles, particularly watercraft.
#mpc6 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion6 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #teamres
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 7 : https://lnkd.in/ebFGJCNG / Time is Looped
The double helical shape of the 'Looperator' tubular plasma volume comprises two mirror-symmetrically arranged S-shaped curves, each representing one period of spherical vibration. The frequency of spherical oscillations within the double helix over two periods of the "Looperator" is a measure of time. The progression of this time is determined by the temperature and density of the elementary particles within the layered, tubular plasma structure. In other words: Time only exists in the frequency of oscillations, which depend on temperature and the density of matter. In the individual layers of the double-helical plasma tube of the 'Looperator', a macroscopic orbital model can be observed in which a uniform transformation sphere defines equal-radius, equal-length orbits for fermions and bosons. As illustrated in Chapter 5, fermions follow magnetic field lines in endless spiral loops. This regularity is evident in the decentralised magnetic field lines of the outer plasma layer, which are displayed in different colours, as well as in the central red magnetic field line. The gyration radius of electrons and ions is represented by the thickness of the coloured lines in the outermost layer of magnetically confined plasma in a double-helix plasma container. Chapters 1 to 6 demonstrate how these spherical oscillations can be used for the permanent magnetic confinement of plasmas. In cosmological terms, the ring-shaped vibration of elementary particles forms a scalar field that constitutes the universe's background. The number of zero crossings in an even number of periods of these vibrations can be used to measure time. Different temperatures in the universe play an important role in determining this number. Time passes much more slowly in the vacuum of the so-called voids than in areas where matter has condensed into a spongy structure. However, time passes infinitely quickly inside a black hole. This temperature-dependent measure of time can also be observed in living organisms: for example, an ice shark can live for several hundred years, whereas a mouse's life lasts only a few years — not to mention the lifespan of a mayfly. Two periods of spherical ring vibration are also essential for creating a new orbital model for chmical elements. The regular change of electron spin within an orbital—whether s, p, d, or f—is essential to the electromagnetic neutrality of atoms. Exceptions include incompletely filled orbitals, which are element-specific. Without this neutrality, electrons would interact chaotically, preventing the formation of chemical compounds. The goal is to integrate the new orbital model with the residence probability determined by Schrödinger's equations within a spherical model.
#mpc7 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion7 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #teamres
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 8 : https://lnkd.in/ebzkEmeb / Poincaré Group in Application
Precise length measurements show that the length of the yellow trajectory, which represents the central magnetic field line m1, corresponds exactly to the length of the eccentric magnetic field line around which the blue ion will gyrate. As the length of m1, the central magnetic field line formed by four flat semicircular arcs of radius rB, can be easily calculated, and as all magnetic field lines lie on the surface of a uniform-radius virtual transformation sphere, the magnetodynamic fluid dynamics of the 'Looperator' are subject to the laws of a Poincaré group combining three geometric operations: a Lorentz transformation, a translation, and a rotation. As illustrated in Chapter 2, the four magnetic field planes of the double-helical plasma volume are offset by 90° from each other and are connected at four points in a common angular momentum plane β'. The flat semicircles of the yellow trajectory lie on the surface of a central transformation sphere defined by the x, y and z axes. For a given radius of the transformation sphere, the length of the central magnetic field line is 4π, which is equivalent to twice the circumference of a circle with the same radius. In the outermost layer of the plasma volume, two magnetic field lines equidistant from each other are shown. These field lines are at their maximum and minimum distances from the centre M1 of the fusion reactor at the vertices of their double helical orbit. At the four connection points in the angular momentum plane β′, the precession of the fermions and bosons dissolved in the plasma causes the fermions to change from an up spin to a down spin four times, and the bosons eight times, in order to return to their starting point with the same spin state within an orbit. Conversely, the twisting of the magnetic field lines is caused by the chiastrum of the endless loops, which are comparable to a Möbius strip. Here, two equidistant lines regularly alternate between an outer side that is maximally distant from the centre and an inner side that is minimally distant from it.
#mpc8 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion8 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #teamres
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Induction System for Electrons and Ions in the Plasma of a Fusion Reactor
Chapter 13 : https://lnkd.in/efwteeiC / Heat Transfer
The inner core of the tubular plasma has a temperature ranging from 100 to 400 million degrees. How can heat be transferred to water circulating between the inner and outer shells of the plasma container? The double-shell steel plasma container in which the water circulates acts as a heat transfer device, absorbing heat from the plasma. It is equipped with eight magnetic coils, each of which has two magnetic poles lying opposite each other on the inner shell of the container. These coils can be operated using both alternating and direct currents. Using a sophisticated circuit makes it possible to temporarily establish contact between the electrically conductive plasma volume and the inner shell of the plasma vessel. This facilitates the transfer of heat to the so-called blanket by thermal conduction. The blanket is a layer on the inner shell of the plasma vessel that faces the plasma. The charged particles respond collectively to the attraction or repulsion exerted by the opposite poles of the magnetic coils. This influences the trajectory of the magnetic field lines. In a coordinated circuit of the magnetic coils, the tubular plasma volume can be briefly brought into contact with the inner shell of the plasma vessel to allow heat transfer by thermal conduction.
#mpc13 out of hashtags mpc1 to mpc13 #resfusion13 #Looperator #resfluiddynamik #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #teamres
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